Underground or surface excavation of valuable minerals & metals and their related technologies as well as logistics encapsulate an entire industry at the world stage. Countries like India, South Africa, Russia & Australia etc are major players in the mining and metals domain. Mining will include metal, coal, crude / shale oil, precious / semi precious stones and an assortment of various extracts of economic interest.

This domain has existed from prehistoric ages with humans extracting ceramic and stones moving to metals found close to the surface of earth and going deeper for metals and stones with time.

Environment & safety have been the biggest concern areas for for the mining industry across the world. Not only is the industry considered a danger to the ecology but also susceptible to natural disasters related to earthquakes and volcanic activity.